![]() The recordings were made in the same patient several minutes apart and have been overlaid for comparison. The waveform diagram highlights the differences between the Mikro-Cath and fluid-filled pressure transducers. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension is defined haemodynamically by right heart catheterisation as a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) 25 mmHg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) 15 mmHg 1. The result is a simplification in both the recording and reading of PAP derived parameters. This pulmonary wedge pressure represents left ventricular filling pressure, which is used as a reflection of preload. Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP or PAWP): PCWP pressures are used to approximate LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure). ![]() The Millar Mikro-Cath diagnostic pressure catheter can be introduced into the pulmonary artery via a 6F or larger multi-purpose catheter to deliver a more accurate and reproducible PAP waveform, independent of the factors which impact fluid-filled readings. When the tip of the catheter is in a distal pulmonary artery and the balloon is inflated, the resulting pressure is generally an accurate reflection of left atrial pressure because the pulmonary veins have no valves. Increased pulmonary artery pressure may indicate: a left-to-right cardiac shunt, pulmonary artery hypertension, COPD or emphysema, pulmonary embolus, pulmonary edema, left ventricular failure. The result is a potential for over-estimation or under-estimation of the systolic and diastolic values. This waveform is influenced by a number of factors, including patient position, transducer level, air bubbles, open connections and catheter tubing length, all of which can introduce error into the measurement. ![]() Mean PAP, systolic PAP and diastolic PAP are often derived by visually marking the waveform output by a fluid-filled transducer. Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) is one of the most commonly measured parameters during a cardiac catheterization case. ![]()
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